大庆:高位部署 多措并举 推动秸秆综合利用 破解秸秆禁烧难题,秸秆综合利用,秸秆禁烧-农机网
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地点: 巴彦淖尔市
开展时间: 2024-03-06
举办单位: 内蒙古农牧业机械工业协会、内蒙古农牧业机械行业协会、内蒙古自治区农业机械学会、内蒙古自治区经济发展与
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地点: 天津市
开展时间: 2024-03-06
举办单位: 振威国际会展集团
中国机械工业联合会
中国国际贸易促进委员会机械行业分会
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地点: 呼和浩特市
开展时间: 2024-03-09
举办单位: 农业农村部全国农业技术推广服务中心
大庆:高位部署 多措并举 推动秸秆综合利用 破解秸秆禁烧难题
2024-03-06
09:15:46
来源:黑龙江省农业农村厅 阅读量:6103
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导读:自2020年黑土地保护性耕作免耕播种政策实施以来,大庆按照省级安排部署,立足地处全省保护性耕作制度推广核心区域实际,配备力量、组建专班,对农户开展政策宣传引导,扎实推广以玉米秸秆覆盖免耕为主的保护性耕作制度,免耕播种实施面积实现逐年递增,且连续4年位居全省前列。
【农机网 地方农机】 全省秸秆综合利用工作启动以来,大庆坚持高位推动,切实将秸秆综合利用工作摆在突出位置研究部署,深入统筹谋划,健全工作机制,严格督导检查,推动了全市秸秆综合利用工作有序开展。
一、全力全面推广玉米免耕播种模式,推动秸秆还田
大庆地处科尔沁沙地末端,土壤类型以黑钙土、盐碱土和风沙土为主,不适合秋季秸秆翻埋和碎混模式,适宜采取以春季免耕播种为主的保护性耕作模式。自2020年黑土地保护性耕作免耕播种政策实施以来,大庆按照省级安排部署,立足地处全省保护性耕作制度推广核心区域实际,配备力量、组建专班,对农户开展政策宣传引导,扎实推广以玉米秸秆覆盖免耕为主的保护性耕作制度,免耕播种实施面积实现逐年递增,且连续4年位居全省前列。2023年,全市保护性耕作免耕播种实施面积达到742万亩,占全市玉米种植面积的98.2%,超额完成省下达任务面积的34%,免耕播种作业监测合格面积624.8万亩,其中:一档面积288.7万亩,二档面积305.4万亩,三档面积13.4万亩。从数据来看,2023年免耕播种作业第二档面积同比增长了30%,说明广大农户已经认可了部分秸秆离田与免耕播种结合的作业模式,达到“三赢”效果。一赢是田间秸秆密度有所下降,打消了农民认为的全量秸秆覆盖可造成免耕播种出苗率低、除草效果差等顾虑,进而将秸秆一烧了之;二赢是保证了秸秆还田面积和还田量,广大作业机主又能享受到免耕播种作业政策补贴资金;三赢是秸秆综合利用企业也得到了离田秸秆。应用免耕播种技术最大限度地减轻了秸秆禁烧的压力,为秸秆综合利用提供了最有效、最可行的出口。
二、精心精细推广玉米免耕播种技术,消除焚烧隐患
大庆大部分地区春播时节风沙较大,且土壤多为风沙土,免耕播种技术能够防风固土、蓄水保墒,通过免耕作业,能够解决高留茬风险地块的火点隐患。我们对玉米高留茬风险地块,已形成两套成熟的技术模式:一是合作社、农户准备采取普通的免耕播种作业的,可以在播种作业期通过
免耕播种机前置
灭茬机或扫茬器对高留茬进行处理,进而解决高留茬问题,不影响播种质量;二是合作社、农户准备采取这几年大力推广的“4090”条带少耕高产栽培模式的,播前使用免耕
播种机前置秆集行器归集留茬秸秆,形成40cm行距的播种带、90cm行距的秸秆覆盖还田带,在播种带上用免耕播种机精量播种,隔年交替种植的模式,实现秸秆全量还田、保墒抗旱、蓄水防涝、节本增产。通过这两种免耕播种方式,都可以解决高留茬问题,既实现秸秆还田、培肥地力,同时消除风险地块焚烧隐患。通过持续政策宣传引导、技术模式推广、示范地块引带,全市农户已基本形成了“秸秆是宝,坚决不烧”的思想认识,实施免耕播种的高留茬地块,焚烧秸秆风险已基本消除。
下一步,大庆将按照省级安排部署,持续做好秸秆综合利用和禁烧工作,利用好积雪消融“窗口期”,组织秸秆收储运主体和广大农户加快推进秸秆离田进度,对打完包未离地的,抓紧清运出地,对尚未打包的秸秆,组织好打包清运的有效衔接,切实做到“应离尽离”。同时,通过春季免耕播种将待还田面积全部完成,并对实施保护性耕作地块严加管护看护,把责任落实到户到人,确保秸秆覆盖率,提高免耕作业等级,确保全市秸秆综合利用水平不断提升,确保禁烧管控工作真正见到实效。
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